The doctor and patient need to discuss fully the benefits and potential harms of stopping antidepressants at this time. If possible, other therapies should be considered, such as cognitive CBT, meditation, or yoga. Tiny amounts of some antidepressants enter the breast milk, for example, sertraline and nortriptyline. One study, published in The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism , found that for women who use antidepressants during pregnancy, it may take longer to be able to breastfeed.
The researchers explain that the breast glands are regulated by serotonin, so their ability to produce milk at the right time is linked to the production and regulation of this hormone. Hypericumwhich is made from the herb St. It is available over-the-counter as a supplement. Some evidence supports the use of St. This involves sitting in front of a light box first thing in the morning for 20 to 60 minutes. Light boxes are available to purchase online. Vitamin D supplements may or may not help treat SAD.
Evidence is not conclusive. Some studies have shown that a healthy, well-balanced diet, plenty of exercise, and staying in touch with family and friends can reduce the risk of depression and recurrences. Depression is a serious condition that may need medical treatment. Anyone who experiences the symptoms of depression should seek medical advice. Despite decades of research into depression, many questions remain. A new study into one antidepressant's effects on disruptive immune reactions sheds….
Serotonin reuptake inhibitors are used to treat depression, but their exact mechanism is unknown. New research lifts the lid and may lead to…. Research suggests that selective-serotonin reuptake inhibitors - a common class of antidepressants - could lead to the exacerbation of tinnitus.
Antidepressants are a commonly used drug in the United States, but some people find they gain or lose weight when using specific types. The link is…. Researchers might have uncovered why antidepressants only work in some people and have pinpointed the involvement of the glucocorticoid receptor.
All about antidepressants. Medically reviewed by Timothy J. Legg, Ph. Types Side effects Uses Effectiveness In pregnancy Alternative options We include products we think are useful for our readers. Share on Pinterest Antidepressants treat major depressive disorder and other conditions. Side effects. In pregnancy.
Share on Pinterest A doctor will help weigh up the pros and cons of taking antidepressants during pregnancy. Alternative options. Exposure to air pollutants may amplify risk for depression in healthy individuals. Costs associated with obesity may account for 3. Antidepressants can take up to several weeks to be fully effective. Early signs that the medication is working include improved sleep, appetite and energy. Improvement in mood usually comes later. If you are distressed for more than two weeks by feelings of sadness, despair and hopelessness, or by excessive worry that is hard to control, see a doctor for an assessment of your symptoms and situation and to discuss treatment and support options.
Early treatment can help to ensure treatment success. Be sure your doctor knows if you have had times where you felt a reduced need for sleep in combination with an unusual amount of energy, or where your mood changed from feeling depressed to feeling unusually happy or irritable. Mood stabilizer medications may be more suited to your needs, either on their own or in combination with antidepressants.
Antidepressants alone can cause some people to switch from depression into mania. Medications are only one way of treating depression and anxiety. Talk therapies, such as interpersonal psychotherapy and cognitive-behavioural therapy , can be just as effective. Peer support, school and job counselling, and housing and employment supports can also help to deal with problems that may trigger or worsen depression or anxiety. Antidepressant medications increase the activity of chemicals called neurotransmitters in the brain.
Increasing the activity of the neurotransmitters serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine seems to help lessen the symptoms of depression and anxiety. However, the brain is a very complex organ and the reasons why these drugs work are not yet fully understood. We do know that these drugs help to relieve symptoms of depression and anxiety in up to 70 per cent of people who try them.
All medications can have side-effects. Some people experience no side-effects. Others may find the side-effects distressing. In most cases, side-effects lessen as treatment continues. Treatment is usually started at a low dose, to minimize side-effects, and then slowly increased until the ideal dose is found. The ideal dose is one that provides the greatest benefit with minimum side-effects. If you are experiencing side effects, check the information given to you by your doctor or pharmacist on the specific effects of any drug you have been prescribed.
If side-effects are not mild and tolerable, it is best to continue taking your medication as prescribed but let your doctor know as soon as possible. Your doctor may:. Side-effects vary depending on the type of medication. More information on side-effects is included for each type of types of antidepressant. When starting medication treatment for depression, people may be at an increased risk of suicide.
Most cases of increased risk of suicide were observed in adolescents and young people. One possible explanation is that it may be related to the increase in energy that comes early in treatment, before improvement in mood. In other words, antidepressants may give some people the energy to act on their suicidal thoughts.
Some antidepressants can also cause feelings of agitation, restlessness and detachment. These feelings may resemble symptoms of anxiety and may add to, rather than relieve, feelings of hopelessness and despair. Some people may become suicidal or violent. This reaction to antidepressants is thought to occur in about four per cent of people who take them, with the risk being highest in the first few weeks of treatment.
Before starting treatment , prepare for the possibility of feeling worse before you feel better. Know what supports are available to you and who you can call. When you begin treatment , monitor your thoughts and moods, and communicate any thoughts of hurting yourself or others with your doctor, a crisis line or the emergency department.
If you experience an increase in suicidal thinking or anxiety, your doctor can help you decide if you should stop taking the medication or if you should try to be patient and give the medication a chance to work. There are several classes of antidepressants; within each class there are many individual medications. While all antidepressants work well overall, no drug or type of drug works equally well for everyone who takes it. You may be advised to try more than one type of antidepressant or to use a combination of antidepressants to seek relief from your distress.
The different types of antidepressants are listed in the order in which they are most commonly prescribed. Medications are referred to in two ways: by their generic name and by their brand or trade names. Brand names available in Canada appear in brackets. This group of drugs, including fluoxetine Prozac , paroxetine Paxil , fluvoxamine Luvox , citalopram Celexa , escitalopram Cipralex and sertraline Zoloft , is usually the first choice for treatment of depression and anxiety disorders.
These medications are known to have milder side-effects than some other antidepressants. Common side-effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, weight gain, dry mouth, headaches, anxiety, sedation and a decrease in sexual desire and response.
This group of drugs may also cause a jittery or restless feeling and sleep difficulties, such as problems falling asleep, waking in the night, vivid dreams or nightmares.
This class of medications includes venlafaxine Effexor , duloxetine Cymbalta , levomilnacipran Fetzima and desvenlafaxine Pristiq. These drugs are used to treat depression, anxiety problems and chronic pain. Common side-effects include nausea, drowsiness, dizziness, nervousness or anxiety, fatigue, loss of appetite and sexual problems.
In higher dosage, these medications may increase blood pressure. The medication available in this class is bupropion Wellbutrin, Zyban.
When used to treat depression, it is often given for its energizing effects, in combination with other antidepressants. Mirtazapine Remeron , the medication available in this class, is the one of the most sedating antidepressants, making it a good choice for people who have insomnia or who are very anxious. This medication also helps to stimulate appetite. This older group includes amitriptyline Elavil , , imipramine Tofranil , desipramine Norpramin , nortriptyline Aventyl , trimipramine Surmontil and clomipramine Anafranil.
Because these drugs tend to have more side-effects than the newer drugs, they are not often a first choice for treatment. However, when other drugs do not provide relief from severe depression, these drugs may help. Common side-effects include dry mouth, tremors, constipation, sedation, blurred vision, difficulty urinating, weight gain and dizziness. This may reduce depression symptoms. These drugs include:.
In addition to treating depression, duloxetine may also relieve pain. This is important because chronic pain can lead to depression or make it worse. In some cases, people with depression become more aware of aches and pains. A drug that treats both depression and pain, such as duloxetine, can be helpful to these people. Common side effects of SNRIs include :. Common side effects of TCAs can include :.
Learn more: Tricyclic antidepressants. Tetracyclic antidepressants, like Maprotiline Ludiomil , are used to treat depression and anxiety. They also work by balancing neurotransmitters to ease symptoms of depression. Common side effects of this drug include :.
Dopamine reuptake blockers, like Bupropion Wellbutrin, Forfivo, Aplenzin , are a mild dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake blockers. They are used for depression and seasonal affective disorder.
They are also used for quitting smoking. Common side effects include :. It works by balancing serotonin levels and other neurotransmitters. This drug is rarely used as a first-line treatment for depression. Side effects can include :. Two 5-HT2 receptor antagonists, nefazodone Serzone and trazodone Oleptro , are used to treat depression. These are older drugs.
They alter chemicals in your brain to help depression. The 5-HT3 receptor antagonist vortioxetine Brintellix treats depression by affecting the activity of brain chemicals. MAOIs are older drugs that treat depression. They work by stopping the breakdown of norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin. MAOIs also have many side effects. These can include :. Mirtazapine Remeron is used primarily for depression.
It alters certain chemicals in your brain to ease depression symptoms. These are called atypical antidepressants. Depending on your condition, your doctor may prescribe one of these alternatives instead. Ask your doctor if an alternative drug treatment is a good choice for you. They can tell you more. Keep reading: Depression medications and side effects.
Medications to treat depression generally come with side effects. These health risks happen less frequently than common side effects of antidepressants.
They are all serious conditions for which you can get support from a doctor or mental health professional. Antidepressants are commonly prescribed for a number of medical diagnoses, including :.
In addition, research from and has looked at the off-label uses for drugs for depression. These studies state antidepressants have been prescribed for:.
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