Pirie, working independently of each other on outbreaks among laboratory rabbits and guinea pigs 1. Listeria is frequently found in raw and unprocessed food products such as meats, vegetables, dairy, and delicatessen products intended for consumption without further heating. The first-documented case on human listeriosis involved a soldier who suffered from meningitis at the end of World War I 2. Outbreaks associated with contaminated coleslaw, soft cheese, hot dogs, chocolate milk, rice salad, and corn salad have been reported 3.
However, listeriosis can occur in otherwise healthy individuals, particularly during an outbreak. Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF. Skip to main content. This service is more advanced with JavaScript available. Advertisement Hide. Authors Authors and affiliations Franz Allerberger. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
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Gilot, P. Bille, J. PubMed Google Scholar. Listeria immobilis lacked motility, or the ability to move. Other Listeria species move a lot. Among scientists, motility was thought to be common among Listeria species closely related to Listeria monocytogenes. You need to tell the good guys from the bad guys. A paper describing the discovery was published in the International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. Expanding the knowledge base to understand the diversity of Listeria will save the commercial food world confusion and errors, as well as prevent contamination, explain false positives and thwart foodborne outbreaks.
The researchers state that understanding the different Listeria species is important for comprehending their similarities and that this study will help the food industry get better at identifying Listeria monocytogenes and not misidentifying it as something else. In the study, the researchers collected soil samples from all over the United States and agricultural water samples from New York state.
From the soil and water, they found 27 Listeria isolates that could not be classified to the species level, so the lab conducted whole genome sequencing tests and showed these new species formed five novel distinct clusters.
For cases involving encephalitis or meningitis, the incubation period is longer, with a median of 9 days. There is also a skin form of listeriosis that results from intact skin coming into direct contact with the bacteria. The skin form is rare and mostly seen in people with at-risk jobs, such as veterinarians or farmers, who are exposed to sick animals or diseased tissues, especially after an animal has a pregnancy loss caused by L.
Signs of disease are mainly seen in ruminants, such as cattle, goats, and sheep. Sheep are particularly sensitive to the bacteria. Listeriosis is one of the most common causes of encephalitis inflammation of the brain in adult ruminants. Infected animals most commonly show severe neurologic signs, such as loss of balance, circling, and unusual body spasms.
Fever, loss of appetite, and decreased activity level are also usually seen. Some ruminant herds have had large numbers of late-term pregnancy losses. Newborn ruminants typically develop a blood infection.
Listeriosis in ruminants most often occurs in the winter and early spring and is likely caused by the animals eating spoiled silage. Listeriosis is more common in rabbits and rodents than dogs and cats. Rabbits and chinchillas South American rodents are particularly sensitive to the bacteria. The disease usually causes a blood infection.
Pregnancy loss and uterine inflammation are also common, especially in chinchillas. These reproductive problems are often associated with gastrointestinal signs, such as diarrhea or constipation.
Large outbreaks of listeriosis have been seen in captive rabbits and rodents. The source of infection in these outbreaks was thought to be contaminated food. However, more serious signs are possible, such as fever, muscle pain, breathing problems, pregnancy loss, and even death.
This means that even if the pets appear healthy, they can still shed L. For example, cats can spread L. One way dogs can spread the bacteria is when they have stool accidents inside the home. Pet waste from both sick and healthy pets can be a source of infection for people. Animal feed and pet food are recalled for various reasons, including for the presence of Listeria.
CVM Kid's Page. The Statistics at a Glance Compared to other foodborne illnesses, listeriosis is rare but very serious. Back to the top Characteristics L. The bacteria can contaminate a variety of food, such as: Raw meat; Ready-to-eat processed meat such as hot dogs and deli meat both factory-sealed packages and products sold at deli counters ; Raw vegetables; Refrigerated pates; Ready-to-eat smoked seafood and raw seafood; Prepared or stored salads, including coleslaw and fresh fruit salad; Melons; Soft cheeses made with unpasteurized milk; and Unpasteurized milk and milk products.
Back to the top Listeriosis in People Listeriosis occurs almost exclusively in pregnant women, newborns, the elderly, and people with weakened immune systems such as those with cancer or other diseases.
Table 1: Comparison of Early- and Late-onset Listeriosis in Newborns Early-onset listeriosis Late-onset listeriosis Baby Usually premature Usually full-term and healthy Mother Recent flu-like illness before delivery No signs of illness before delivery Source of infection In utero from L. Supporting References. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website. Information for health professionals and laboratories. Accessed Jun 7, Pathogenesis of bacterial infections in animals.
Ames, Iowa: Blackwell Publishing, ; Risk assessment of Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat foods: technical report.
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