However, no details of cancer staging were reported in these study Chang et al. Jones et al. In our study, we included 1, homogeneous tongue cancer patients 1, younger, young old and 58 older old patients with clear pathological staging after radical surgery, and compared their overall survival rate with younger patients all treated under the standard guidelines.
Our study clearly showed that elderly patients are likely to face the worst survival rate amongst the tongue cancer patients after having been treated by radical surgery. After adjusting for other variables, young old and older old patients were more likely to die than younger patients.
No significant difference in adjusted HR of death was found for early-stage patients stage I—II amongst the younger, young old, or older old patients which implied that age should not deny older people to receive optimal treatment.
However, for advanced-stage disease stage III—IV , the older old patients showed significantly worse survival than the other two groups after adjusting for other variables. Italiano et al. These results are in agreement with our results. In our series, younger, young old, and older old patients received similar treatment modalities Table 2 , For advanced-stage patients, older old patients had worst prognosis as compared with the other two age groups.
Reid et al. Many studies have indicated regular physical activity is essential for the elderly cancer patients to aid in the process of recovery, improve fitness and prevent falls Cho et al. Besides, our results Table 2 showed that the proportion of the patients who received postoperative CCRT was significantly low in the elderly patients. Thus, suboptimal treatments might increase the risk of cancer recurrence and disease metastasis in cases with advanced disease.
Future research by incorporating these factors or measures should be considered in order to improve survivals in those patients. For early-stage patients stage I—II , the overall survival rate among the younger age, young old, and older old patients were not significantly different. Based on the present study, we suggest that age should not deny early stage patients to receive optimal oncological treatment. Competing Interests The authors declare there are no competing interests.
Author Contributions Ming-Shao Tsai conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments, wrote the paper. Chia-Hsuan Lai conceived and designed the experiments, performed the experiments. Yao-Hsu Yang analyzed the data. Yeh and Wen-Cheng Chen reviewed drafts of the paper. Chang-Hsien Lu wrote the paper, reviewed drafts of the paper. Human Ethics The following information was supplied relating to ethical approvals i.
Data Availability The following information was supplied regarding data availability:. National Center for Biotechnology Information , U. Journal List PeerJ v. Published online Dec Yeh , 1 and Wen-Cheng Chen 2, 3, Re-Ming A.
Author information Article notes Copyright and License information Disclaimer. Corresponding author. Wen-Cheng Chen: wt. Received Jun 30; Accepted Nov This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed.
This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. Abstract Background Our study aimed to compare the outcomes of surgical treatment of tongue cancer patients in three different age groups.
Methods From to , we retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 1, patients who were treated in the four institutions constituting the Chang Gung Memorial Hospitals CGMH. Results Multivariate analyses determined the unfavorable, independent prognostic factors of overall survival to be male sex, older age, advanced stage, advanced T, N classifications, and surgery plus chemotherapy.
Conclusions Our study showed that advanced T classification T3—4 , positive nodal metastasis N1—3 and poorly differentiated tumor predicted poor survival for all patients. Introduction The tongue is the most common site of intraoral cancers in Taiwan and most other countries Huang et al. Surgery, adjuvant therapy, and follow-up Patients were evaluated preoperatively according to the CGMH oral cavity cancer guidelines, which were modified from the NCCN guideline Pfister et al.
Table 1 Clinicopathological characteristics of 1, patients with oral tongue cancer receiving surgery stratified by three age groups. Open in a separate window. Survival The medial follow-up times of all and surviving patients are 2. Figure 1. Overall survival curves of early-stage A and advanced-stage B patients. Causes of death in Group 3 patients with advanced disease Fourteen of the 21 advanced-staged, Group 3 patients died.
Discussion Our study showed that advanced T classification T3—4 , positive nodal metastasis N1—3 and poorly differentiated tumor predicted poor survival for all patients, which were compatible with previous studies Aksu et al.
Speech therapy can help you learn to adjust to these changes. In addition, talk therapy can help you cope. This can lead to side effects such as a dry mouth and taste changes. You can reduce your risk of tongue cancer by avoiding activities that can lead to tongue cancer, and by taking care of your mouth. To reduce your risk:. The five-year relative survival rate for tongue cancer which compares the survival of people with cancer with the expected survival rate for people without cancer depends on the stage of the cancer.
If the cancer has spread far, the five-year relative survival rate is 36 percent. If the cancer has only spread locally for example, to lymph nodes in the neck , the relative survival rate is 63 percent. If the cancer has not spread beyond the tongue, the five-year relative survival rate is 78 percent. As these survival rates show, earlier diagnosis leads to better outcomes. With early diagnosis, you can be treated before the cancer spreads.
Early diagnosis of tongue cancer allows for more treatment options, with fewer side effects, and a good five-year survival rate. It often has few or no symptoms, which is why getting….
Oral cancer develops in your mouth or throat and can be confused for other conditions. Receiving an oral cancer diagnosis can be confusing and scary…. This year, close to 51, U. Tobacco use and oral HPV infection. Tobacco tied to higher risk of oral HPV infection, study finds. Accessed June 8, Mount Sinai Hospital. Oral cancer, HPV infection and evidence of sexual transmission. Oral Cancer Foundation. Oral cancer facts: rates of occurrence in the United States.
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The oral cancer exam. Oral cancer malnutrition impacts weight and quality of life. Featured Issue Featured Supplements. US Pharm. Risk Factors There are three primary risk factors for oral cancer: tobacco use, alcohol use, and human papillomavirus HPV. Signs and Symptoms Tongue cancer is often mistaken for a cold sore that does not heal or a persistent sore in the mouth or lip area. Impact of Nutrition on Quality of Life An appropriate diet is important for both quality of life and survival of patients with oral cancer.
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