This information will help us make improvements to the website. Potential activities: Students research how Hitler expanded German territory and power in Europe before the outbreak of the Second World War.
Download: Lesson pack Was Hitler a 'passionate lunatic'? Tasks Background Teachers' notes External links Connections to curriculum Hitler is perhaps one of the most reviled historical figures of the 20th century. After he became Chancellor of Germany in parliamentary democracy came to an end. A timeline of these events in Germany can be found here. Before the outbreak of the Second World War, in the period , Hitler acted against the terms of the Treaty of Versailles by re-arming and re-building the German army through conscription He also moved troops into the di-militarised Rhineland Later that year he demanded the Sudetenland, the German speaking part of Czechoslovakia.
Throughout this time he made passionate speeches about expanding German territory. These words and deeds worried foreign observers. Use the sources in this lesson to find out how he was viewed by some of these commentators.
Or an odd eccentric who was rebuilding Germany? They thought he would stop once he had reversed the terms the Treaty of Versailles which limited the power and strength of Germany. Others feared that this was only the beginning of a far more aggressive foreign policy. Germany then invaded Poland, bringing about the beginning of the Second World War.
How the British government dealt with Hitler in the run up to the outbreak of the Second World War has come under close scrutiny. Of course at the time, Winston Churchill, no longer in Government from the early s, was a significant critic of the Munich Agreement which allowed Germany to take over Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia an attempt to prevent a war. Churchill continued to criticize Hitler and call for Britain to rearm.
When war was declared with Germany in he returned to power as First Lord of the Admiralty and later became wartime Prime Minister of a national government on 10 May Free courses. All content. Hitler's rise and fall: Timeline Updated Friday, 1st March US War Dept. The origins of the First World War Take an in-depth look at how Europe ended up fighting a four-year war on a global scale with this collection on the First World War.
Read now The origins of the First World War. Article Level: 1 Introductory. Copyright free: Brideshead. How did a Scottish golf club shape how we remember the First World War? Copyright: BBC. Beyond the slaughter and loss of the First World War Michael Portillo asks why we only think of slaughter and loss when we recall the Great War.
Read now Beyond the slaughter and loss of the First World War. Used with permission. The Holocaust This free course explores the Holocaust, as the destruction of European Jewry is commonly known. Learn more The Holocaust. Free course 12 hours Level: 3 Advanced.
More on Hitler and the Holocaust Used with permission. Become an OU student. Copyright information. Publication details Originally published : Tuesday, 26th April Last updated on : Friday, 1st March Leave a comment.
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OpenLearn Search website Back to top. Our partners OpenLearn works with other organisations by providing free courses and resources that support our mission of opening up educational opportunities to more people in more places. The German army was radically downsized and the nation forbidden to have submarines or an air force.
Paying the crushing reparations destabilized the economy, producing ruinous, runaway inflation. By September , four billion German marks had the equal value of one American dollar. Consumers needed a wheelbarrow to carry enough paper money to buy a loaf of bread.
Hitler, a mesmerizing public speaker, addressed political meetings in Munich calling for a new German order to replace what he saw as an incompetent and inefficient democratic regime. This New Order was distinguished by an authoritarian political system based on a leadership structure in which authority flowed downward from a supreme national leader.
Jews represented everything the Nazis found repugnant: finance capitalism controlled, the Nazis believed, by powerful Jewish financiers , international communism Karl Marx was a German Jew, and the leadership of the German Communist Party was heavily Jewish , and modernist cultural movements like psychoanalysis and swing music. Once conquered, the Soviet Union would be ruled by the German master race, which would exterminate or subdue millions of Slavs to create lebensraum living space for their own farms and communities.
In a conquered and racially cleansed Russia, they would work on model farms and factories connected to the homeland by new highways, called autobahns. Hitler was the ideologue as well as the chief organizer of the Nazi Party. By , the party had a newspaper, an official flag, and a private army—the Sturmabteilung SA storm troopers —made up largely of unemployed and disenchanted WWI veterans. By , the SA had grown to 15, men and had access to hidden stores of weapons.
In August , as a course instructor, Hitler made his first virulent antisemitic speeches. A month later, he first expressed an antisemitic, racist ideology on paper, advocating removal of Jews from Germany. Hitler joined what would become the Nazi Party in October He helped devise the party political program in The program was based on racist antisemitism, expansionist nationalism, and anti-immigrant hostility.
Membership in the Nazi Party swelled in two years to 55,, supported by more than 4, men in the paramilitary SA Sturmabteilung ; Storm Troopers. Rejecting political participation in Weimar elections, Hitler and the Nazi Party leadership sought to overthrow the government of Bavaria, a state in the Weimar Republic.
The Beer Hall Putsch took place on November 9, After the putsch collapsed, a Munich court tried Hitler and other ringleaders on charges of high treason. Hitler used the trial as a stage to attack the system of parliamentary democracy and promote xenophobic nationalism. Hitler was found guilty, but received a light sentence and was released after serving just one year in detention.
He used his time in prison to begin writing Mein Kampf My Struggle , his autobiography, published in In the book, he unveiled an explicitly, race-based Nationalist, social Darwinist, and antisemitic vision of human history. After his release from prison, Hitler reorganized and reunified the Nazi Party. He changed its political strategy to incorporate engagement in electoral politics, programs targeting new and alienated voters, and bridge building to overcome traditional conflicts in German society.
Using language fashioned to reflect the fears and hopes of potential voters, the Nazis campaigned for. Testing this strategy in the national parliamentary elections of , the Nazis received a disappointing 2. With the onset of the Great Depression in , Nazi agitation began to have increasing impact in the German population.
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