From African hominins of 2 million years Syria is home to one of the oldest civilizations in the world, with a rich artistic and cultural heritage. From its ancient roots to its recent political instability and the Syrian Civil War, the country has a complex and, at times, tumultuous history. Ancient Syria The nation of Israel—with a population of more than 9 million people, most of them Jewish—has many Palestine is a small region of land that has played a prominent role in the ancient and modern history of the Middle East.
The history of Palestine has been marked by frequent political conflict and violent land seizures because of its importance to several major world The Iron Age was a period in human history that started between B. During the Iron Age, people across much of Europe, Asia and parts of Africa began making tools and weapons from iron and Live TV.
This Day In History. History Vault. What Is the Fertile Crescent? Ancient Mesopotamia Mesopotamia is an ancient, historical region that lies between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in modern-day Iraq and parts of Kuwait, Syria, Turkey and Iran. Sumerians The origins of Sumer civilization are debated, but archaeologists suggest Sumerians had established roughly a dozen city-states by the fourth millennium B. Recommended for you.
Return of the Ice Age. Prehistoric Humans Cross the Atlantic. This lifestyle often includes an occupation, ritual status in a hierarchy, and customary social interaction and exclusion based on cultural notions of purity and pollution. Also called the Agricultural Revolution, this was the wide-scale transition of human cultures from being hunter-gatherers to being settled agriculturalists. The first civilizations formed on the banks of rivers. Rivers were attractive locations for the first civilizations because they provided a steady supply of drinking water and made the land fertile for growing crops.
Moreover, goods and people could be transported easily, and the people in these civilizations could fish and hunt the animals that came to drink water. Additionally, those lost in the wilderness could return to civilization by traveling downstream, where the major centers of human population tend to concentrate. The Nile River and Delta. Most of the Ancient Egyptian settlements occurred along the northern part of the Nile, pictured in this satellite image taken from orbit by NASA.
Though each civilization was uniquely different, we can see common patterns amongst these first civilizations since they were all based around rivers.
Most notably, these early civilizations were all hydraulic empires. A hydraulic empire also known as hydraulic despotism, or water monopoly empire is a social or governmental structure which maintains power through exclusive control over water access. This system of government arises through the need for flood control and irrigation, which requires central coordination and a specialized bureaucracy.
Photograph by Stefano Bianchetti. Twitter Facebook Pinterest Google Classroom. Encyclopedic Entry Vocabulary. Fertile Crescent.
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Text Text on this page is printable and can be used according to our Terms of Service. Interactives Any interactives on this page can only be played while you are visiting our website. Related Resources. View Collection. View leveled Article. Tigris River. View Article. The people needed the water for drinking and growing plants, a skill learned during the Neolithic Revolution.
River Valleys became ideal locations for cities and settlements because of the fertile land surrounding the river beds. If you look back at the time when humans first decided to give up their nomadic, hunter-gatherer lifestyle in favor of settling down at one place, six distinct cradles of civilization can be clearly identified: Egypt, Mesopotamia present-day Iraq and Iran , the Indus Valley present-day Pakistan and Afghanistan.
A civilization is a complex culture in which large numbers of human beings share a number of common elements.
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